THRB, thyroid hormone receptor beta, alias C-ErbA-Beta2, NR1A2, THRbeta1 and so on. It is a nuclear receptor, encoded by the THRB gene, with high affinity for triiodothyronine (T3).The mechanism of action of THRB is mainly through the regulation of the transcription of target genes after binding to T3, which can act as a transcriptional activator or repressor.THRB is able to bind to specific DNA sequences on the genome and regulate a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, growth and development.
The biological significance of THRB is very broad, and it participates in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and neurological development, etc. Abnormalities in THRB function have been associated with a variety of disorders, such as Generalized Thyroid Hormone Resistance (GTHR), which is a disease characterized by goiter and elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormones (T3-T4) with normal or slightly elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In addition, THRB expression and activity have been linked to lipid metabolism in the liver, and it has been found that in THRB-deficient mice, circadian metabolic rhythms in the liver are significantly altered, leading to elevated levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, and fatty acids, which in turn may promote the development of fatty liver.
