ZBP1

ZBP1, or DAI, DLM-1, and ZBP, is a protein encoded by the ZBP1 gene and predominantly expressed in immune cells, particularly natural killer (NK) cells. ZBP1 recognizes and binds to Z-DNA, activating signaling pathways like NF-κB, which regulate inflammatory responses and cell death. It plays a role in the immune system's response to pathogens, especially by enhancing NK cell activation and cytokine production, thereby curbing pathogen spread. ZBP1 is also implicated in programmed cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis and necrosis, affecting cell survival. Its dysfunction is associated with autoimmune diseases and certain cancers, making it a key molecular target in immunology and cell biology research.