ALDH2

The gene ALDH2 encodes for the protein aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Commonly known as ALDH2, this enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde, a byproduct of alcohol metabolism. ALDH2 functions in the mitochondria, where it catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. This protein is involved in various signaling pathways, including those related to oxidative stress and inflammation. ALDH2 polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and alcohol flush reaction. In terms of drug development, ALDH2 inhibitors and activators are being explored for their potential therapeutic effects in various conditions.
The research on ALDH2 has revealed its significance in multiple disease processes. ALDH2 deficiency is linked to the "Asian flush" phenomenon, characterized by facial flushing and other symptoms after alcohol consumption. Additionally, ALDH2 has been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Consequently, there is ongoing research into developing drugs that target ALDH2 to treat these conditions, including small-molecule inhibitors and activators that modulate the enzyme's activity.