APOBEC3D

APOBEC3D, also known as apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3D, is a cytidine deaminase that plays a crucial role in innate immunity against retroviruses. It functions by deaminating cytosine residues in nascent retroviral cDNA, leading to G-to-A mutations and inhibiting viral replication. APOBEC3D interacts with various cellular factors, including Vif, and is targeted for degradation in the proteasome. This protein is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including those regulated by interferons, and has been linked to diseases such as HIV-1 infection. Research on APOBEC3D has led to potential therapeutic strategies, including the development of inhibitors that could target this enzyme to combat retroviral infections.