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DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha is a protein in humans that is encoded by DFFA gene. Inhibitor of the caspase-activated DNase (DFF40).
The following DFFA reagents supplied by CUSABIO are manufactured under a strict quality control system. Multiple applications have been validated and solid technical support is offered.
DFFA Antibodies for Homo sapiens (Human)
| Code | Product Name | Species Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSB-PA006737GA01HU | DFFA Antibody |
Human,Mouse,Rat | ELISA,WB,IHC |
| CSB-PA006737DSR2HU | DFFA Antibody |
Human | ELISA, WB, IHC, IP |
| CSB-PA000044 | DFFA Antibody |
Human | WB, IHC, ELISA |
| CSB-PA002996 | DFFA Antibody |
Human,Mouse,Rat | WB, IHC, IF, ELISA |
| CSB-PA783338 | DFFA Antibody |
Human | ELISA,IHC |
DFFA Proteins for Homo sapiens (Human)
| Code | Product Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| CSB-YP006737HU CSB-BP006737HU CSB-MP006737HU CSB-EP006737HU-B |
Recombinant Human DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA) |
Yeast Baculovirus Mammalian cell In Vivo Biotinylation in E.coli |
| CSB-EP006737HU | Recombinant Human DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA) |
E.coli |
DFFA Proteins for Mus musculus (Mouse)
| Code | Product Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| CSB-YP006737MO CSB-EP006737MO CSB-BP006737MO CSB-MP006737MO CSB-EP006737MO-B |
Recombinant Mouse DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (Dffa) |
Yeast E.coli Baculovirus Mammalian cell In Vivo Biotinylation in E.coli |
DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA) is one of the two subunits of the heterodimeric protein DNA Fragmentation Factor (DFF), a major endonuclease responsible for chromosomal DNA cleavage during apoptosis [1]. It is also called DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit (DFF45) because its molecular weight is 45 kDa. DFF45 is indispensable for the expression and folding of DFF40, thus acting as a molecular chaperone [1][5]. In non-apoptotic cells, DFF45 exists as a heterodimeric complex with DFF40. Upon activation of apoptosis, DFF45 is cleaved by caspase 3 and then dissociates from DFF40, another subunit of the DFF [1][3]. Removal of DFF45 releases and activates DFF40 [2][3]. In other words, DFF45 suppresses the activity of DFF40, a caspase-activated DNase, or nuclease (CAD or CPAN) [4]. So DFF45 is named the inhibitor of the caspase-activated DNase (ICAD), too. Active DFF40 is capable of cleaving chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosomal size fragments [5]. The biochemical hallmark of apoptosis is the cleavage of chromatin into nucleosomal fragments [6]. Studies showed that caspase 7 and granzyme B can also process DFF45 during apoptosis [2][7]. DFF35 (or ICAD-S), a short form of DFF45, lacks C-terminus and consists of amino acids 1-65 of DFF45, and is produced by alternative splicing and is expressed in numerous different cells [8][9][10]. DFF35/ICAD-S also inhibits DFF40/CAD activity but lacks the chaperon function [11][12]. Decreased DFF45 expression has been observed in renal, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. It has been postulated that the downregulation of DFF45 may play a role in tumor escape from apoptosis and may promote tumor progression and metastasis [13][14][15].
[1] Liu X, Zou H, et al. DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis [J]. Cell 1997; 89:175-4.
[2] Liu X, Zou H, et al. Activation of the apoptotic endonuclease DFF40 (caspase-activated DNase or nuclease) [J]. J Biol Chem 1999; 74:13836-0.
[3] Sakahira H, Enari M, et al. Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis [J]. Nature 1998; 391:96-9.
[4] Halenbeck R, MacDonald H, et al. CPAN, a human nuclease regulated by the caspase-sensitive inhibitor DFF45 [J]. Curr Biol 1998; 8:537-0.
[5] Liu X, Li P, et al. DFF40 induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:8461-8466.
[6] A.H Wyllie Glucocorticoid induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogeneous endonuclease activation [J]. Nature, 284 (1980), pp. 555-556.
[7] Thomas D, Du C, et al. DFF45/ICAD can be directly process by granzyme B during the induction of apoptosis [J]. Immunity 2000; 12:621-2.
[8] M Enari, H Sakahira, et al. A Caspase-Activated DNase That Degrades DNA During Apoptosis, and Its Inhibitor ICAD [J]. Nature, 1998, 391 (6662), 43-50.
[9] Sabol, S.L., et al. Inhibition of apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation activity in nonapoptotic cells: the role of DNA fragmentation factor-45(DFF45/ICAD) [J]. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998, 253: 151-58.
[10] Kawane, K., H. Fukuyama, et al. Structure and promoter analysis of murine CAD and ICAD genes [J]. Cell Death Differ. 1999, 6: 745-52.
[11] Gu, J., R.P. Dong, et al. Functional interaction of DFF35 and DFF45 with caspase-activated DNA fragmentation nuclease DFF40 [J]. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274: 20759-0762.
[12] Sakahira, H., M. Enari, et al. Functional differences of two forms of the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase, ICAD-L and ICAD-S [J]. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274: 15740-5744.
[13] Rajandram R, Razack AH, et al. Decreased Expression of Inhibitor of Caspase-Activated DNase (ICAD) in Renal Cell Carcinoma - Tissue Microarray of Human Samples [J]. J Kidney Cancer VHL. 2016; 3(1):1-11.
[14] Konishi S, Ishiguro H, Shibata Y, et al. Decreased expression of DFF45/ICAD is correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95(12):2473-478.
[15] Errami Y, Brim H, Oumouna-Benachour K, et al. ICAD deficiency in human colon cancer and predisposition to colon tumorigenesis: linkage to apoptosis resistance and genomic instability. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57871.
