LILRB1

LILRB1, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1, alias ILT2 (immunoglobulin-like transcript 2), LIR1 (leukocyte immunoreceptor 1), and CD85j. LILRB1 is an inhibitory receptor expressed predominantly on myeloid cells, which regulates immune cell activity by binding to ligands such as MHC class I molecules.The mechanism of action of LILRB1 involves the following The mechanism of action of LILRB1 involves the immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM) in its intracellular structural domain, which, when bound to its ligands, recruits molecules containing the phosphatase SHP-1 (phosphatase 1 contained in the structural domain of the Src homologous region 2) to inhibit over-immune responses and promote immune tolerance.

The biological significance of LILRB1 is mainly in the modulation of the immune response. It plays a key role in the differentiation and function of dendritic cells, and is able to influence the ability of dendritic cells to secrete cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-12p70, and TGF-β, which in turn regulates the activation and proliferation of T cells. In addition, LILRB1 plays an important role in the tumor immune microenvironment, and its expression is upregulated on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which, by binding to MHC class I molecules on the surface of tumor cells, may help tumor cells to evade the attack of the immune system. Thus, LILRB1 not only plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis, but is also a potential target in cancer immunotherapy.