NMNAT2

NMNAT2, also known as nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2, is a crucial enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis. It functions in the cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus, playing a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, malignant tumors, and other health-threatening conditions. NMNAT2 exerts its neuroprotective effects through its NAD+ synthase activity and chaperone function, particularly in the NMNAT2-NAD+-SARM1 axis, which is closely related to Wallerian degeneration. The protein's activity is regulated by various signaling pathways, including MAPK signaling, which promotes its turnover and influences axonal survival and degeneration. NMNAT2 deficiency is associated with diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, peripheral neuropathy, and certain types of cancer. Research into NMNAT2 has led to the development of potential therapeutic strategies, including gene therapy and small molecule inhibitors, aiming to modulate NAD+ levels and prevent neurodegenerative processes.