OR5AL1

OR5AL1 encodes the olfactory receptor 5A subfamily L member 1, a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in olfactory epithelial neurons. It binds specific odorant molecules, triggering Gαolf-mediated signaling: activation stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to cAMP accumulation and opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, initiating olfactory signal transduction to the brain.
Dysregulation of OR5AL1 may contribute to olfactory dysfunction like anosmia or hyposmia (e.g., in COVID-19). Preclinical studies link its overexpression to prostate cancer cell proliferation, suggesting potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Direct drug targeting remains limited, with no clinical agents available—research focuses on exploring its role in disease pathways for future therapeutic development.