PTPRT

PTPR is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and functions as a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase. It is distinguished by its extracellular, transmembrane, and a pair of intracellular catalytic domains, which enable it to regulate cellular signaling by removing phosphate groups from tyrosine on specific proteins. The absence of PTPRT is observed to elevate tyrosine phosphorylation at the STING Y240 site and to hinder the degradation of STING through ubiquitination, which may enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy. Linked to an array of diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders, PTPRT plays a role in signal transduction and cell adhesion within the central nervous system and is implicated in the development of colorectal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, mutations in the PTPRT gene are widespread across various cancers and are correlated with the response to immunotherapy, suggesting their potential as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.