SP140

The SP140 protein, officially named "speckle-type POZ protein," is a member of the SP100/SP140 family of nuclear body proteins. It participates in transcriptional regulation and immune responses through chromatin modification and association with heterochromatin. SP140 interacts with signaling pathways like NF-κB and JAK-STAT, modulating cytokine production and inflammation.
Aberrant SP140 expression correlates with autoimmune diseases, including Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis, where genetic variants affect immune cell function. Preclinical studies explore SP140 as a therapeutic target, with small-molecule inhibitors under investigation to regulate its epigenetic modulatory activity in immune disorders.