TAF1

TAF1 encodes TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1, often called TAFII250. As a core subunit of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, it mediates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription initiation. It has histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, acetylating core histones to loosen chromatin and enable gene expression, also regulating cell cycle via cyclin interactions.
Mutations or dysregulated TAF1 are linked to X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and neurodevelopmental disorders. In hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer, abnormal TAF1 contributes to tumorigenesis. Preclinical studies target its HAT domain with inhibitors to modulate aberrant transcription in cancer, though no clinical candidates exist yet.