VDR

The Vitamin D receptor, VDR, is present throughout human tissues such as the intestine, kidney, bone, and the nervous system, where it binds to the ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This binding forms a hormone-receptor complex that modulates gene expression by interacting with specific DNA sequences. Vital for calcium and phosphate balance and cell cycle control, VDR also plays a role in immune function, reducing inflammation, fighting infections, and preventing tumors. In the CNS, VDR is key to the regulation of neural stem cells, the expression of neurotrophic factors, antioxidant responses, neurotransmitter production, immune system modulation, and anti-inflammatory processes, all of which are associated with the development of neurological diseases.