ESRRA

ESRRA, or estrogen-related receptor alpha. it is an orphan nuclear receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, that plays a key role in cellular energetic homeostasis and mitochondrial function. esrRA regulates intestinal homeostasis by activating autophagic fluxes and controlling the host intestinal microbiota, and is a key regulator of intestinal health. In intestinal function, the absence of ESRRA leads to increased susceptibility to inflammation and has been associated with disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), with reduced expression levels correlating with disease severity.

ESRRA enhances transcriptional activation of autophagy-related genes and promotes autophagosome formation through interactions with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the deacetylase SIRT1. In addition, ESRRA is involved in the regulation of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function, affecting cellular energy metabolism. In a biological sense, ESRRA contributes to the protection of the host from harmful inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction through autophagy activation and control of the gut microbiota, and has an important role in the maintenance of gut health and defence against pathogens.