GPR119

GPR119, or G protein-coupled receptor 119, also known as the Glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor, is an orphan receptor within the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, primarily distributed in pancreatic β-cells and gastrointestinal L-cells. The mechanism of action of GPR119 involves activation through binding to endogenous ligands such as oleoylethanolamide and other oleic acid-containing endogenous lipids, which in turn stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), both of which play a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism balance in the body. Activation of GPR119 can promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion and increase the secretion of incretin hormones from the gut, making it a potential drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver, and obesity.