IDH1

IDH1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, alias IDH1 mutant, IDH1p. Arg132His, and other specific mutant names. It is an enzyme that functions in the cytoplasm and peroxisomes and is encoded by its own gene in human cells.The main mechanism of action of IDH1 is to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), with the concomitant reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.This process provides the cell with an important antioxidant molecule, and the α-KG serves as a coenzyme involved in the regulation of The activity of various α-KG-dependent dioxygenases affects epigenetic modifications and metabolic processes in cells.

IDH1 has a wide range of biological significance, as it is not only involved in cellular energy metabolism and the maintenance of redox homeostasis, but also is closely related to the onset and development of a variety of diseases.Mutated forms of IDH1 are more common in certain cancers such as gliomas, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and these mutations usually result in metabolic changes. These mutations usually lead to the accumulation of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which in turn affects the methylation status of cells and the regulation of gene expression. In addition, IDH1 is also involved in the regulation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which are closely related to physiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metabolism. Therefore, IDH1 not only plays a key role in maintaining the normal physiological function of cells, but is also a potential target in cancer therapy.