IFNK

Interferon kappa (IFNK), also referred to as IFN-κ, is a type I interferon predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues such as the skin. Induced by viral pathogens or microbial components, it binds to the IFNAR1/IFNAR2 receptor complex to activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This cascade upregulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which mediate antiviral activity and modulate innate immune responses.
Altered IFNK expression is associated with skin disorders like psoriasis, where its levels are often dysregulated in lesional tissues. Preclinically, recombinant IFNK is being investigated for enhancing antiviral defenses against skin-infecting viruses (e.g., herpes simplex). Targeting IFNK signaling is also a candidate strategy for autoimmune skin conditions, though clinical trials remain in early phases.