IL23

IL-23, an heterodimeric cytokine composed of two subunits, IL-23p19 and IL-12/IL-23p40, shares the p40 subunit with IL-12. It primarily exerts its biological functions by interacting with its receptor, the IL-23 receptor, which is a transmembrane protein comprising the IL-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) and IL-23 receptor subunits. IL-23 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory immune response and IL-17 production in the body, primarily targeting Th17 cells, promoting their proliferation and stability, and inducing them to produce cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, participating in the development of various diseases. The signaling pathways involved in IL-23 primarily include JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K signaling transduction pathways. Upon binding to its receptor, IL-23 triggers the heterodimerization of IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R, activating these signaling pathways. IL-23 functions through transcriptional factors such as RORγt and STAT3, promoting the differentiation and effector functions of Th17 cells. Additionally, IL-23 is associated with tumor immunity and the development of autoimmune diseases. For instance, it can promote tumor growth by inhibiting the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into tumor tissue. Genetic variations in IL-23R are linked to the occurrence of multiple tumors, and elevated serum IL-23 levels correlate with certain stages of cancer development. Therefore, IL-23 plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses, promoting inflammatory reactions, and participating in the development of tumor immunity and autoimmune diseases.