NOX1

NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), also known as mitogenic oxidase 1 (MOX1), is a key member of the NADPH oxidase family. It catalyzes superoxide anion production by transferring electrons from NADPH to O₂, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
NOX1 participates in Ras/Raf/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways, linking ROS to inflammation and tumorigenesis. It is associated with colorectal cancer (high expression drives tumor growth) and inflammatory bowel disease (excess ROS damages intestinal mucosa). Preclinical inhibitors like GKT137831 (targeting NOX1/4) show therapeutic potential for these conditions, though clinical trials are still in early stages.