P4HA2

P4HA2, also known as prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit 2, and by other names including 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase subunit alpha-2, 4 PH alpha 2, 4-PH alpha-2, and C-P4Halpha(II), is a protein encoded by the P4HA2 gene. It belongs to the α subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, one of the key enzymes in collagen synthesis. The primary function of P4HA2 is to catalyze the 4-hydroxylation of proline residues in the precursor chains of collagen, a process critical for the correct formation of the triple helical structure of collagen. P4HA2 is involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, influencing the polarity, movement, and signaling of tumor cells.

Expression of P4HA2 is closely related to the invasiveness and metastasis of various solid tumors, and it can regulate the expression of tumor-related genes, enhance the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, and contribute to drug resistance. In the tumor microenvironment, P4HA2 promotes collagen deposition and stiffening, reshaping the tumor microenvironment and thereby facilitating tumor progression. Additionally, P4HA2 promotes tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis through various mechanisms, including regulating cellular metabolism, promoting the survival of tumor-initiating cells, participating in the generation of the vascular basement membrane, and modulating the expression of tumor-related genes.