PELI1

Pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (PELI1), also known as RNF114, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes protein ubiquitination. It regulates innate immune responses by modulating TLR and NF-κB signaling pathways—specifically, it ubiquitinates adaptor molecules like TRAF6 to control pro-inflammatory cytokine release, balancing immune activation.

Dysregulated PELI1 links to autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) and cancers (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer) via disrupted inflammation and cell proliferation. Preclinical research is exploring small-molecule inhibitors targeting its ligase activity to mitigate excessive inflammation or suppress tumor growth, though these agents remain in early development.