PEX19

PEX19, found at the 1q23.2 locus on human chromosomes, is a protein crucial for the initial stages of peroxisome formation. This protein facilitates peroxisome biogenesis through its interactions with Pex3 and with peroxisome membrane proteins (PMPs) that carry membrane-bound peroxisome targeting signals (mPTS). The N- and C-terminal segments of PEX19 are key to binding with Pex3 and PMPs, respectively. Pex25, integral for peroxisome and CTC variant development, enhances interactions with Pex3 when overexpressed, promoting the growth of NTC and CTC Pex19 variants. Mutations in the PEX19 gene can result in Zellweger syndrome (ZWS) and peroxisome proliferator-associated disorders within complementation group 14 (PBD-CG14), underscoring the PEX19's critical role in human health.