ADA

ADA, or adenosine deaminase, is a key enzyme involved in the purine metabolic pathway (EC 3.5.4.4). Its primary function in the human body is the development and maintenance of the immune system, particularly in lymphocytes and macrophages.The mechanism of action of ADA involves irreversibly catalysing the deamination of adenosine to inosine, which can then be further converted to hypoxanthine by the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP).The active site of ADA contains a zinc ion, which is the only The cofactor, the substrate adenosine, binds to the active site through multiple hydrogen bonds and is catalysed.The role of ADA in signalling involves the regulation of intracellular levels of adenosine, a potent immunomodulatory molecule, which influences cellular function through its receptor.

The activity of ADA has also been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including epithelial differentiation, neurotransmission, and the maintenance of pregnancy. Biologically, ADA not only plays a key role in the purinergic pathway, but also changes in its activity have been associated with a variety of diseases, e.g., ADA deficiency can lead to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and increased ADA activity has been linked to certain cancers, autoimmune diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Therefore, ADA is an important biomarker in immunomodulation and disease diagnosis.