TREM1

TREM1, also known as myeloid cell receptor 1, has alternative names including CD354 and TREM-1. TREM1 is a myeloid cell receptor expressed on the surface of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. TREM1 binds to DAP12 and phosphorylates the ITAMs (tyrosine kinase activating motifs) on tyrosine residues via DAP12, activating downstream ZAP70 and SYK protein tyrosine kinases. This leads to downstream signal transduction through pathways such as PI3K, PLC-γ, and ERK, inducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cell surface molecules. TREM1 amplifies Toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by further increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, playing a crucial role in regulating acute and chronic inflammatory responses. It is important in various infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and tumor immunity.