UCP3

The gene UCP3 encodes for the uncoupling protein 3, also known as uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier). UCP3 is a mitochondrial protein that plays a crucial role in energy and lipid homeostasis by dissipating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species production. It is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brown adipose tissue. UCP3's function is regulated by various signaling pathways, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and PI3-kinase-dependent pathways. Its dysregulation is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and heart failure, and is a potential target for drug development to treat these conditions.