ANTXR1

Anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), also known as tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for anthrax toxin by binding its protective antigen component to facilitate toxin internalization. Beyond its role in bacterial pathogenesis, ANTXR1 mediates cell adhesion and angiogenesis through interactions with extracellular matrix components and integrins. It is implicated in VEGF and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, influencing vascular development and tissue remodeling. Dysregulation of ANTXR1 has been associated with tumor progression in colorectal cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma, where it promotes angiogenesis and metastasis through stromal interactions. Additionally, pathogenic variants in ANTXR1 are linked to GAPO syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by growth retardation and craniofacial abnormalities. While no approved drugs currently target ANTXR1, preclinical studies explore monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors to disrupt its oncogenic signaling or toxin-binding capacity, particularly in anthrax therapeutics and anti-cancer strategies.