GPI

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), also known as phosphoglucose isomerase or autocrine motility factor (AMF), catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate—a key rate-limiting step in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. It also acts as a cytokine, promoting cell migration and survival by binding to its receptor AMFR (gp78).
GPI is involved in glycolytic/gluconeogenic pathways and proliferation-related signaling cascades. Mutations in GPI cause non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia, while its overexpression links to cancers like breast and lung tumors via enhanced glycolysis and metastasis. Early drug development targets GPI’s enzymatic or cytokine activity, though clinical trials remain in preliminary phases.