IFNAR1

IFNAR1, also known as Interferon beta receptor 1, interferon receptor 1, Interferon-alpha receptor, or Type I interferon receptor 1, is a component of the type I interferon receptor, encoded by a gene in human cells. The mechanism of action for IFNAR1 involves forming a heterodimeric receptor with the IFNAR2 subunit. Upon binding to interferon α and β, it activates Janus kinases (JAKs), which in turn activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, particularly through the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, leading to the formation of the ISGF3 complex and the promotion of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression.

Biologically, IFNAR1 plays a key role in antiviral responses and immune regulation. It is involved not only in defense mechanisms against viral infections but also in the pathogenesis of tumor immunity and autoimmune diseases. For example, the IFNAR1-mediated signaling pathway can enhance the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, promote the function of monocytes and macrophages, and stimulate the maturation and migration of dendritic cells. Furthermore, dysfunctions in IFNAR1 may be associated with the pathogenesis of certain viral diseases, making it a potential target for antiviral therapies and immunomodulatory treatments.