NLRP3

NLRP3, the pyrin structural domain-containing NOD-like receptor 3, alias PYRIN-containing APAF1-like protein 1. It is a multiprotein complex that is an important component of the intrinsic immune system, functioning predominantly in the cytoplasm.The NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle recognizes a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns ( PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and after activation, it promotes the activation of cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), which then cleaves the precursors IL-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms and triggers an inflammatory response.

The biological significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome lies in the important role it plays in the regulation of the host immune response. It is not only involved in the body's defense against pathogens, but also in the development of a wide range of inflammatory diseases.Abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with a variety of diseases, including sepsis, metabolic diseases, and autoinflammatory diseases. Therefore, NLRP3 has become a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and inhibitors against NLRP3 inflammasome are being extensively investigated with the aim of developing new anti-inflammatory drugs.