PYY

PYY, or peptide YY, alias PYY3-36 (referring to the 36 amino acid fragment at its C-terminus). It is a peptide hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells and is a member of the glucagon-like peptide (GLP) family, with a high degree of homology to GLP-1.PYY is encoded by the PYY gene in the human body, and is produced mainly in enteroendocrine cells, especially in the ileum and colon.The mechanism of action of PYY is mainly through binding to its specific G-protein-coupled receptor, NPY Y2 receptor (Y2R), and to its specific G-protein-coupled receptor, NPY Y4 receptor (Y4R). PYY3-36 fragment is the active form of PYY, which is secreted in the intestine and then enters the blood circulation, where it reduces food intake by binding to Y2R, slowing down gastric emptying and suppressing appetite. In addition, PYY is involved in the regulation of intestinal function by influencing intestinal motility and secretion.

PYY has a wide range of biological significance and plays an important role in energy homeostasis, body weight regulation, insulin secretion, and intestinal homeostasis.PYY helps to reduce food intake and control body weight by slowing down the gastric emptying and enhancing the feeling of satiety. In diabetes treatment, PYY3-36 contributes to improved glycemic control by promoting insulin and inhibiting glucagon secretion. In addition, PYY is involved in regulating intestinal barrier function and inflammatory response, which has a protective effect on intestinal health. Thus, PYY is an important molecule in metabolic and digestive studies and a potential target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.