TET3

The protein encoded by TET3 is ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 3, commonly referred to as TET3. It functions as a DNA demethylase, catalyzing the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, thereby regulating gene expression through epigenetic modification. TET3 is primarily involved in DNA methylation reprogramming, particularly during early embryonic development and neuronal differentiation. It interacts with signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, influencing cell fate decisions and tissue homeostasis.
Dysregulation of TET3 is associated with various malignancies, including hematological cancers and solid tumors, where its downregulation often correlates with hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. Emerging research suggests its potential role in neurodevelopmental disorders and metabolic diseases. While direct therapeutic targeting of TET3 is in preclinical stages, small molecule activators of TET enzymes are being explored to restore epigenetic balance in cancer and other epigenetic disorders.