FOXO1

FOXO1, or forkhead box protein O1, is a transcription factor expressed in a variety of cell types.FOXO1 regulates life activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and stress response of cells mainly by responding to intracellular and extracellular signals, such as activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Its mechanism of action involves post-translational modifications of FOXO1 protein such as phosphorylation and acetylation, which affect its shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm and thus regulate the expression of its target genes.The major signalling pathways involved in FOXO1 include PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, etc., which play key roles in cell physiological processes . In biological significance, FOXO1 plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and influencing tumour development, etc. Abnormalities in its activity may lead to the development of a variety of diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and tumours.