HLA-E

HLA-E, also known as HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E, is a non-classical MHC class I molecule. It binds a restricted subset of peptides derived from the leader peptides of classical MHC class I molecules, such as HLA-A, B, C, and G. HLA-E functions by presenting these peptides to cytotoxic lymphocytes, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, to regulate immune responses. It is involved in immune surveillance, particularly in the context of viral infections and cancer. The expression of HLA-E can be modulated by various factors, including stress, infection, and inflammation, and its dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Research on HLA-E has led to the development of potential therapeutic strategies, including vaccines and immunotherapies.