| Function |
Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity). Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (By similarity). Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells. Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (By similarity). |
| Gene References into Functions |
- TGF-beta1 stimulated lubricin secretion by superficial zone chondrocytes at all densities with twice-a-week TGF-beta treatment. It is noteworthy that the daily treatment of TGF-beta1 increased lubricin much higher compared with twice-a-week treatment. PMID: 28578597
- hypoxia increased the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and decreased the expression of neprilysin (NEP), which contributed to the hypoxia-induced Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. PMID: 27373199
- TGF-beta1 modulates the expression of syndecan-4 in cultured vascular endothelial cells in a biphasic manner. PMID: 28019669
- Taken together, Staphylococcus aureus induces TGF-beta1 and bFGF expression through the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB in bovine mammary gland fibroblasts. PMID: 26948281
- localized to maternal septum in the interdigitation area of cotyledonary villi and caruncle PMID: 26382756
- The results identify TGFB1 and ESRRA as likely transcriptional regulators of rumen epithelial development and energy metabolism, respectively, and provide targets for modulation of rumen development and function in the growing calf. PMID: 24767884
- the combined treatment with TGF-beta1 and BMP-7 or treatment first with TGF-beta1 followed by BMP-7 was more effective than other treatment groups in both chondrogenic differentiation and SZP secretion. PMID: 23848497
- Tenascin-X promotes activation of latent TGF-beta1 and subsequent epithelial to mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells. PMID: 24821840
- a detailed computational model for TGF-beta signalling that incorporates elements of previous models together with crosstalking between Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3 channels through a negative feedback loop dependent on Smad7. PMID: 23804438
- Endogenous TGF-beta1 became more bioactive following activation of the transgene protein product in chondrocytes. PMID: 24105960
- A novel peptide, P2K, regulating TGF-beta1 signaling had an anabolic effect on bovine intervertebral disc cells and rabbit degenerated discs. PMID: 23124260
- Data show that TGF-beta pathways operate during ovarian fetal development, and fibrillin 3 is highly expressed at a critical stage early in developing human and bovine fetal ovaries. PMID: 21411746
- Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha in IL-1beta mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease. PMID: 21722622
- Immunohistochemistry in rectus abdominis muscle from foetuses at 180 and 260 days post-conception PMID: 12441094
- vascular endothelial growth factor indirectly stimulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the modulation of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta(1) released by endothelial cells PMID: 12591230
- Data show that as antral follicles develop, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3 is the most abundant TGF-beta isoform and TGF-beta1 protein levels decline in large follicles. PMID: 14502602
- TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway controls pericyte growth state and contractile phenotype PMID: 14609524
- Reactive oxygen species mediate TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 gene expression PMID: 15203191
- MGP plays a role in endothelial cell function, by increasing transforming growth factor-beta1 activity and stimulating VEGF expression PMID: 15456771
- Exogenous TGF-beta1, IGF-I, EGF and GH inhibited fetal bovine serum-deficiency-stimulated TGF-beta1 expression in mammary epithelium. PMID: 15747730
- ALK5 and Smad4 have roles in TGF-beta1-induced pulmonary endothelial permeability PMID: 16004987
- IGF-1 protects against TGF-beta1 mediated apoptosis in mammary gland. PMID: 16077202
- TGF-beta1 which is expressed in airways of asthmatics may contribute to irreversible airway remodeling by enhancing airway smooth muscle proliferation PMID: 16390551
- The roles of TGF-beta1 and somatotropic pathways proteins in control of the switch between survival and death of bovine mammary epithelial cells are reported. PMID: 17388018
- role for TGFbeta signaling in the mechanism of cellular mechanotransduction that is especially significant for joint lubrication PMID: 17968924
- Transforming growth factor-beta1 protects against pulmonary artery endothelial cell apoptosis via ALK5. PMID: 18456797
- the low friction of articular cartilage can be modified by TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta treatment and that the friction coefficient depends on multiple factors, including superficial zone protein localization and surface roughness PMID: 18683879
- Delayed parturition in clone calving may be associated with persistence of elevated TGF-beta-1 expression in late pregnancy. PMID: 19167845
- Sustained restoration of circulating latent TGFB1 to levels approaching the normal physiological range does not rescue the infertility phenotype caused by TGFB1 deficiency. PMID: 19383262
- TGF-beta1 downregulates caveolin-1 of cultured endothelial cells, involving ALK-5 receptor subtype PMID: 19710365
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