Product Details

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method.

Activity

The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells is 0.1518 - 0.3987 ng/mL.

Target Names

IL6

Uniprot No.

P05231

Alternative Names

Interleukin-6; IL-6; B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2); CTL differentiation factor (CDF); Hybridoma growth factor; Interferon beta-2 (IFN-beta-2); IL6 ; IFNB2

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

30-212aa

Target Protein Sequence

VPPGEDSKDVAAPHRQPLTSSERIDKQIRYILDGISALRKETCNKSNMCESSKEALAENNLNLPKMAEKDGCFQSGFNEETCLVKIITGLLEFEVYLEYLQNRFESSEEQARAVQMSTKVLIQFLQKKAKNLDAITTPDPTTNASLLTKLQAQNQWLQDMTTHLILRSFKEFLQSSLRALRQM

Mol. Weight

28.3 kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

N-terminal 6xHis-tagged

Form

Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered PBS, 6% Trehalose, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

3-7 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

The recombinant human IL6 protein is generated in E. coli. Its expression region is the gene segment coding for the 30-212aa of the human IL6 protein. It is N-terminally tagged with a 6xHis-tag for easy purification and detection. This recombinant IL6 protein is highly pure, with a purity greater than 95% as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, and contains less than 1.0 EU/µg endotoxin, as determined by the LAL method. This IL6 protein is biologically active as demonstrated by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of human TF-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED₅₀ value of 0.1518 - 0.3987 ng/mL.

IL6 is a multifunctional cytokine involved in immune regulation, inflammation, and metabolic processes. It is produced by various cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts. IL6 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, promoting the differentiation of B cells and the activation of T cells, which are crucial for adaptive immunity [1]. IL6 also stimulates the production of acute-phase proteins in the liver, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), which is a marker of inflammation [2]. This cytokine is particularly important during infections and tissue injuries, where it helps to orchestrate the inflammatory response [3]. Elevated levels of IL6 have been associated with various inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, which contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases by promoting inflammation and tissue damage [4][5].

IL6 is also recognized as a myokine, which means it is produced by muscle cells during exercise. This production of IL6 is associated with increased exercise capacity and metabolic adaptations, such as enhanced lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity [6][7]. Furthermore, IL6 has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and the pathophysiology of obesity, where it can influence insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome [8]. IL6 also plays a critical role in cardiovascular health. It has been shown to mediate myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, contributing to diastolic dysfunction in the heart [9].

In the context of reproductive health, IL6 is essential for spermatogenesis and has been linked to male infertility. It regulates the function of Sertoli cells, which are crucial for sperm development, and its dysregulation can lead to impaired fertility [10]. IL6 can promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the survival of cancer cells and facilitating angiogenesis [11]. Elevated IL6 levels in the tumor microenvironment are often associated with poor prognosis in various cancers, including breast cancer [11].

References:
[1] N. Yamamoto, H. Tokuda, G. Kuroyanagi, S. Kainuma, R. Ohguchi, K. Fujita, et al. Amplification by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and chlorogenic acid of tnf-α-stimulated interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 1707-1712, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2381
[2] E. Graham, E. Bastarache, E. Milad, N. Turiano, K. Cotter, & D. Mroczek. Physical activity mediates the association between personality and biomarkers of inflammation, Sage Open Medicine, vol. 6, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118774990
[3] M. Al-Jebouri and B. Al-Mahmood. Estimation of cytokines involved in acute-phase wound infection with reference to residence time of patients in hospitals, Modern Research in Inflammation, vol. 08, no. 01, p. 1-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4236/mri.2019.81001
[4] S. Nikolaus, G. Waetzig, S. Butzin, M. Ziolkiewicz, N. Al-Massad, F. Thieme, et al. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor components sil-6r and sgp130 as markers of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases, International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol. 33, no. 7, p. 927-936, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-018-3069-8
[5] X. Luo, J. Chen, J. Ruan, Y. Chen, X. Mo, J. Xie, et al. Krüppel-like factor 4 is a regulator of proinflammatory signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes through increased il-6 expression, Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2016, p. 1-13, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1062586
[6] S. Chowdhury, L. Schulz, B. Palmisano, P. Singh, J. Berger, V. Yadav, et al. Muscle-derived interleukin 6 increases exercise capacity by signaling in osteoblasts, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 130, no. 6, p. 2888-2902, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci133572
[7] E. Obeagu, G. Obeagu, M. Cantero, C. Okafor, Y. Bot, G. Eze, et al. Evaluation of plasma levels of interleukin 6 and iron of volleyball players based on heights and weight of a nigerian university students, Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, p. 147-152, 2022. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2022/v20i1030515
[8] L. El-Kadre and A. Tinoco. Interleukin-6 and obesity, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, p. 1, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1097/mco.0b013e32836410e6
[9] G. Meléndez, J. McLarty, S. Levick, Y. Du, J. Janicki, & G. Brower. Interleukin 6 mediates myocardial fibrosis, concentric hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction in rats, Hypertension, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 225-231, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.148635
[10] O. Hachim, A. Al-Salih, & S. AL-Alwach. Study of interleukin-6 (il-6) profile in the seminal fluid of oligozoospermia men, Iraqi Journal of Embryos and Infertility Researches, vol. 5, no. 1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.28969/ijeir.v5.r6
[11] H. Hassan, B. Greve, M. Pavão, L. Kiesel, S. Ibrahim, & M. Götte, Syndecan‐1 modulates β‐integrin‐dependent and interleukin‐6‐dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and resistance to irradiation, Febs Journal, vol. 280, no. 10, p. 2216-2227, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.12111

Target Background

Function

Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the intracellular IL6-signaling pathway (Probable). The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'. Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring receiver cells (Probable).; IL6 is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Rapid production of IL6 contributes to host defense during infection and tissue injury, but excessive IL6 synthesis is involved in disease pathology. In the innate immune response, is synthesized by myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, upon recognition of pathogens through toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the site of infection or tissue injury (Probable). In the adaptive immune response, is required for the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Plays a major role in the differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets. Essential factor for the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that are required for the induction of germinal-center formation. Required to drive naive CD4(+) T cells to the Th17 lineage. Also required for proliferation of myeloma cells and the survival of plasmablast cells.; Acts as an essential factor in bone homeostasis and on vessels directly or indirectly by induction of VEGF, resulting in increased angiogenesis activity and vascular permeability. Induces, through 'trans-signaling' and synergistically with IL1B and TNF, the production of VEGF. Involved in metabolic controls, is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction increasing lipolysis and improving insulin resistance. 'Trans-signaling' in central nervous system also regulates energy and glucose homeostasis. Mediates, through GLP-1, crosstalk between insulin-sensitive tissues, intestinal L cells and pancreatic islets to adapt to changes in insulin demand. Also acts as a myokine (Probable). Plays a protective role during liver injury, being required for maintenance of tissue regeneration. Also has a pivotal role in iron metabolism by regulating HAMP/hepcidin expression upon inflammation or bacterial infection. Through activation of IL6ST-YAP-NOTCH pathway, induces inflammation-induced epithelial regeneration.

Gene References into Functions

Acute exercise in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis induced slightly musculoskeletal leg pain and transient increased plasma calprotectin levels but not IL-6 levels PMID: 30008613
Genotype frequencies in the degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients and controls revealed a significant difference for the IL6-572 G/C polymorphism. A significant association was found between the IL6-572 G/C polymorphism and measured bone mineral densities at the lumbar spine. PMID: 28378072
In glioblastoma, colony-stimulating factor-1 and angiocrine IL-6 induce robust arginase-1 expression and macrophage alternative activation, mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha. PMID: 29422647
study demonstrated novel molecular events for leptin-induced inflammation in ligamentum flavum (LF) tissue by promoting IL-6 expression and thus might have potential implications for clarifying the mechanism underlying LF fibrosis and hypertrophy. PMID: 29436483
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL)-6 levels for Periprosthetic Joint Infection. PMID: 28473693
The elevated levels of both serum Shh and IL-6 were mainly observed in BC patients who had a significantly higher risk of early recurrence and bone metastasis, and associated with a worse survival for patients with progressive metastatic BC. PMID: 28496132
study suggests that-174 G/C polymorphism of IL-6 gene differs in athletes, G allele and GG genotype is higher than the other ones, at least in Turkish athletes, and therefore should be taken into consideration when determining genetic aspects of athletes. PMID: 30213294
studies reveal that IL-6 action in T cells through classical IL-6 signalling promotes inflammation and insulin resistance early during obesity development, which can be compensated for by enhanced IL-6 trans-signalling at later stages PMID: 28466852
IL-6 signalling in primary human macrophages increased intracellular Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis numbers in a dose-dependent manner promoting mycobacterial survival and BCG-induced lipid accumulation. PMID: 28262681
The analysis of the effect of the individual SNPs(PON1, IL-6, ITGB3, and ALDH2 ) and GRS groups on different lipid profile parameters revealed no significant association of any of the tested SNPs with any lipid parameter, however, the GRS groups showed marginally significant for TC and highly significant association for TG, LDL-c and HDL-c PMID: 30261890
Our results showed that IL-37 plays an inhibitory role in non-small cell lung cancer progression, possibly by suppressing STAT3 activation and decreasing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting IL-6 expression. IL-37 could serve as a potential novel tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer PMID: 29575809
Although interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA level was higher in 3D-culured cells, its secretion levels were higher in 2D-cultured cells. In addition, the levels of mRNA and protein expression of regnase-1, regulatory RNase of inflammatory cytokine, significantly increased in 3D culture, suggesting post-translational modification of IL-6 mRNA via regnase-1. PMID: 30096769
indicate that the distribution of IL6-174G/C (rs1800795) SNP was marginally associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility PMID: 30069682
FABP5 promotes tumor angiogenesis via activation of the IL6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 29957468
Authors found that the IL-6 serum level was significantly higher in the SIRS group than in the control group. A significant association was observed in the genotypic distribution of the IL-6 - 572G allele in the SIRS group, when compared with the control group, and SIRS is more likely to occur in wasp sting patients with more than 10 stings. PMID: 30265566
adipocytes are capable of enhancing IL-6 production by CD4(+) T cells PMID: 29283192
Studied association of levels of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TGF-beta in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epistaxis. PMID: 29893909
LL was significantly negatively correlated with PGC-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 mRNA expressions. PGC-1alpha mRNA expression levels in paraspinal muscles may be affected by lumbar kyphosis. PMID: 30233161
Study found that IL-6 and IL-8 are necessary and sufficient to increase tumor cell migration in a cell density dependent manner with negligible feedback on cell proliferation. This effect is specific to metastatic cancer cells; IL-6 and IL-8 have no effect on the migration of normal and non-metastatic cancer cells. PMID: 28548090
Rheumatoid arthritis patients who had the best response to tocilimuzab had the highest levels of IL6 and the lowest levels of soluble IL6 receptor. PMID: 29157669
High IL6 expression is associated with retinopathy of prematurity. PMID: 29274846
Adult serum IL-6 levels were predicted across periods as long as 15 years by adolescents' inability to defuse peer aggression and poor peer-rated conflict resolution skills, and by independently observed romantic partner hostility in late adolescence. PMID: 29212559
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces COX-2-mediated IL-6 expression. NADPH oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species is involved in Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced COX-2 expression. PMID: 30229288
The expression of IL-6 gene and protein was significantly induced by IL-17F. IL-17F activated TAK1 and NF-kappaB in airway smooth muscle cells. PMID: 28474507
IL-6 was over-expressed in SF from OA patients compared with normal donors. DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation were observed in the IL-6 promoter region in OA SF compared with normal SF. No differences in the status of H3K9 di-methylation, H3K27 tri-methylation and H3K4 tri-methylation in the IL-6 promoter region were observed between normal and OA SF. PMID: 28262826
Increased serum IL6 concentrations are associated with obstructive sleep apnea and glycemic status. PMID: 29305826
Study showed that activation of NF-kappaB/IL-6 is involved in moderate hyperthermia treatment induced progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PMID: 29894725
the polymorphism rs1800795 is associated with serum IL-6 level and level of neuroblastoma risk; GG genotype might indicate that the tumor is highly malignant (prone to metastasis) and associated with poor prognosis PMID: 29692379
Findings indicate that childhood infections do not have an independent, lasting effect on circulating inflammatory marker levels subsequently in childhood; however, elevated inflammatory markers may be harmful for intellectual development/function. PMID: 29198208
This study found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of the IL-6 is significantly increased. PMID: 28476335
IL-6 may be used as a tumor marker for cancer diagnosis. It may be a clinically significant predictor and may represent a target for cancer treatment. However, to definitely conclude this, further extensive studies would be required PMID: 30249899
The findings suggest that male factor infertility might be associated with an increased level of interleukin-6. PMID: 28523952
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6 (and IL-10). PMID: 29179015
Data suggest that, in children with pediatric obesity, lifestyle weight-loss intervention results in down-regulation of serum cardiotrophin-1 (CTF1), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA); expression of CTF1, IL6, and TNFA is also down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after improvement in adiposity, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio. PMID: 28749076
Findings outlined in the current study demonstrated that the inhibition of P16 decreased the growth and metastasis potential of BC cells by inhibiting IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. PMID: 29388151
The G/C genotype and the minor allele C of the IL-6 rs1800795 SNP were more common in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus than controls (p = 0.004, odds ratio [OR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-3.18 and p = 0.011, OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11-2.26, respectively). PMID: 29957071
The C allele of rs1800795 within IL-6 gene promoter, rs1800795-tobacco smoking and rs1800795-alcohol drinking interaction were all associated with increased CAD risk. PMID: 29889576
study emphasizes the importance of -572G > C polymorphism in increasing IL-6 levels, thereby showing its significant role in DVT in India. PMID: 29890913
Interleukin-6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism is associated with Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Bone Metastasis. PMID: 29938471
In a multi-ethnic population with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, IL-6 is independently associated with the prevalence and severity of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. PMID: 29579601
in the patients with primary depression, depressive symptoms were associated with IL-6 PMID: 30148175
eNOS knockdown greatly enhanced endothelial IL-6 production and permeability in response to LPS. Knockdown of eNOS enhanced LPS-induced p38. Inhibition of p38 with SB203580 prevented IL-6 production, without altering permeability PMID: 29061842
The expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)6 and IL8 was significantly increased in endometriotic and cocultured cells compared with healthy ECs. PMID: 29901132
Leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and IL-6 were elevated in men with prostate cancer. Leptin, chemerin and IL-6 were associated with Gleason score. The relationships between leptin, chemerin and IL-6 were dependent on each other. PMID: 29465157
Collective evidence is supportive of the idea that IL-6 is an important participant during the EMT process in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBECs), as IL-6 stimulation can enhance the migration abilities of HIBEC, promote HIBEC cellular senescence and inhibit apoptosis of HIBECs, resulting in the EMT transformation of HIBECs. PMID: 28857276
Our findings suggest that IL-6-mediated cross-talk between preadipocytes and breast DCIS cells can promote the progression of early stage breast cancer. PMID: 30134951
Our study suggests the second day as the golden time for measuring the serum levels of IL-6. These findings warn us to take more health care actions in patients with higher serum levels of IL-6 on the second day. PMID: 29947344
A small drug acting as a JAK1/2 inhibitor may also counteract the repressing effects of IL-6. PMID: 29162613
addition of colivelin, a STAT3 activator, instead of IL-6 and C2C12 conditioned medium, promoted the myogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. PMID: 29882916
IL-6 G allele promoter increased stroke recurrent risk, therefore, it would be a predictor for recurrence of stroke in the young with moderate internal carotid artery stenosis. PMID: 29091301

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Involvement in disease

Rheumatoid arthritis systemic juvenile (RASJ)

Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Protein Families

IL-6 superfamily

Tissue Specificity

Produced by skeletal muscle.

Database Links

HGNC: 6018

OMIM: 147620

KEGG: hsa:3569

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000258743

UniGene: Hs.654458

Code	CSB-EP011664HU
Abbreviation	Recombinant Human IL6 protein (Active)
MSDS	MSDS Datasheet
Size	$224
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Image	(Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel. Activity The ED₅₀ as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells is 0.1518 - 0.3987 ng/mL. Biological Activity Assay
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Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 (IL6) (Active)

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