Interleukin ELISA Kits

Classification and biological function of interleukin

Based on their functional and structural characteristics, multiple types of interleukins have been identified, including IL-1 to IL-38, which possess diverse biological functions. Among them, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 are relatively common types, and they play important roles in the immune response and inflammatory reactions of the body.

• IL-1 family: It includes IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra. They have pro-inflammatory effects and participate in the body's response to infection and inflammation.
• IL-2 family: It includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-15, and IL-21, etc., which mainly play a role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, thereby enhancing the immune response.
• IL-6 family: It includes IL-6, IL-11, and IL-27, and has diverse biological functions, including pro-inflammation, immune regulation, and hepatocyte proliferation.
• IL-10 family: It includes IL-10, IL-19, and IL-20, and has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects.
• IL-17 family: It includes IL-17A, IL-17B, and IL-17C, and is mainly involved in the immune response, tissue repair, and pathogen removal.

Role of interleukin in immune regulation

The immune system is a crucial defense mechanism of the body, and interleukins play a key role in immune regulation.

Interleukin-related signaling pathways:

• JAK-STAT signaling pathway: This is the most classic signaling pathway for interleukin signal transduction. Upon interleukin binding to its receptor, the receptor activates JAK tyrosine kinase, which then phosphorylates STAT proteins on the receptor. Activated STAT proteins enter the cell nucleus and bind to the promoter region of target genes, promoting gene transcription.
• MAPK signaling pathway: This pathway is activated by multiple interleukins such as IL-1 and IL-6. After interleukin binds to its receptor, it activates the MAPKs signaling pathway, including ERK, JNK, and p38 branches, affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammatory responses.
• PI3K-Akt signaling pathway: After interleukin binds to its receptor, it activates PI3K on the cell membrane, which in turn activates downstream Akt proteins, regulating various cellular processes.
• NF-κB signaling pathway: After interleukin binds to its receptor, it activates the IKK protein, which phosphorylates the IκB protein, leading to the degradation of IκB protein. NF-κB enters the cell nucleus and binds to the promoter region of target genes, promoting gene transcription, and affecting immune and inflammatory responses.