Cancer immunology has been an area of investigation that is concerned with understanding the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer. The immune system usually responds to cancer cells in two ways. One is by reacting against tumor-specific antigens (TSA) (molecules that are only occur in tumor cells); another is by reacting against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (molecules that are expressed differently by cancer cells and normal cells) [1] [2].
The most well known application of cancer immunology is cancer immunotherapy, where the immune system is used to treat cancer [3] [4]. Cancer immunosurveillance, a theory formulated in 1957 by Burnet and Thomas, which refers to the power of innate and adaptive immune system to eradicate cancerous growth. Cancer immunosurveillance appears to be an important host protection process that decreases cancer rates through inhibition of carcinogenesis and maintaining of regular cellular homeostasis [5]. It has also been suggested that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting [6].
CUSABIO lists the classification of Cancer Immunology, click to see all the related molecules/targets and research reagents of them.
CAR-T Cell Therapy Targets | |||||||
CD19 | CD20 | CD22 | CD274/PD-L1 | CD30/TNFRSF8 | CD33 | CD38 | CD5 |
CD7 | CD70 | c-MET | EGFR | ERBB2 | FOLR1 | FUT3 | Glypican 3 |
IL1RAP/IL-1RAcP | KLRK1 | L1CAM | MSLN | TNFRSF17 | ULBP1 | ULBP2 | |
Cytokines in Tumorigenesis | |||||||
IL-8/CXCL8 | IFNG | IL-10 | IL17 | IL21 | IL-6 | TGF beta 1 | TNF-alpha |
Immune Checkpoints | |||||||
CD160 | CD19 | CD22 | PD-L1/CD274 | CD276 | CD40 | CD40LG | CD44 |
CD47 | CD86 | CTLA4 | EGFR | EPHA3 | HAVCR2 | KLRK1 | MSLN |
TACSTD2 | TNFRSF14 | TNFRSF17 | TNFRSF4 | TNFRSF9 | TNFSF4 | ||
Tumor Markers | |||||||
ACTH/POMC | AFP | ALK | B2M | Chromogranin | Cyfra21-1/KRT19 | ER | FASA |
FSHB | HER2 | LDHA | LDHB | LDHC | M2-PK/PKM | NSE/ENO2 | PAI/SERPINE1 |
PD1/PDCD1 | PD-L1/CD274 | PR | PRL | TG | TPA/TPLA | TSHB |
References
[1] Graziano DF, Finn OJ. Tumor antigens and tumor antigen discovery [J]. Cancer. Treat Res. 2005, 123:89-111.
[2] Olivera J. Finn. Cancer Immunology [J]. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358:2704-15.
[3] Miller JF, Sadelain M. The journey from discoveries in fundamental immunology to cancer immunotherapy [J]. Cancer Cell. 2015, 27 (4): 439–49.
[4] Jump up to: a b c d e Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA. De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting [J]. The Lancet. Oncology. 2017, 18 (12): e731–e741.
[5] Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K. Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape [J]. Immunology. 2007, 121 (1): 1–14.
[6] Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H, Old LJ, Schreiber RD. Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape [J]. Nature Immunology. 2002, 3 (11): 991–8.
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