Autoimmune Disease Series--

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease that primarily affects peripheral joints. It is characterized by symmetric polyarthritis, which can lead to joint cartilage and bone destruction, joint deformities, and even involvement of multiple systemic organs such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The pathogenesis of RA is complex, involving genetic factors (such as the HLA-DRB1 susceptibility gene), environmental factors (such as smoking and infections), and immune abnormalities. The activation of autoreactive T cells induces B cells to produce rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP). At the same time, synovial fibroblasts proliferate abnormally and secrete large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ultimately leading to joint inflammation and bone erosion. The clinical manifestations include morning stiffness (lasting >30 minutes), symmetric joint swelling and pain (mainly in the small joints of the hands, wrists, and feet), rheumatoid nodules, and in the late stages, joint deformities (such as swan-neck deformity) and functional loss.

In recent years, RA drug development has focused on precisely targeting immune abnormality pathways, breaking through the limitations of traditional treatments (such as inadequate efficacy of methotrexate or resistance to biologics).

• IL-23/IL-17 axis-targeted drugs have become a hot topic. IL-23 activates Th17 cells to promote IL-17 secretion, which directly induces joint inflammation. In 2023, Eli Lilly's mirikizumab (anti-IL-23p19 monoclonal antibody) showed in Phase III trials that for patients with inadequate response to methotrexate, the combination treatment significantly outperformed placebo in terms of ACR50. Novartis' secukinumab (anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody), although outstanding in psoriasis, showed in its RA extension studies (such as MEASURE 2) that it still had a 30%-40% ACR20 response rate in patients with TNF inhibitor resistance, indicating that IL-17 targeting is effective in specific subgroups.
• New-generation JAK inhibitors have optimized efficacy and safety. The selective JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib was approved by the FDA in 2022. It has higher selectivity for JAK1 compared to JAK2/3, reducing the risk of hematologic side effects such as anemia compared to non-selective JAK inhibitors (such as tofacitinib). Phase III data showed that when used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate, the ACR50 response rate reached 48% at 12 weeks (vs. 28% for placebo).
• Complement system-targeted drugs are emerging. Overactivation of the complement system (especially the C5a-C5aR1 pathway) can recruit neutrophils and exacerbate synovial inflammation. ChemoCentryx's avacopan (anti-C5aR1 inhibitor), which has been approved for ANCA-associated vasculitis, showed in its RA Phase II trial (CCX140-202) that when combined with methotrexate, it led to better improvement in DAS28-CRP (disease activity score) at 24 weeks compared to placebo. It is currently in Phase III validation.

Additionally, epigenetic regulatory drugs (such as HDAC inhibitors) and B cell costimulation blockers (such as anti-CD40L) are still in the early stages of development, but they provide new directions for individualized RA treatment. Overall, RA drugs are evolving from "broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory" to "precision targeting." In the future, it may be possible to achieve more precise patient stratification and treatment selection through biomarkers (such as IL-23 levels, JAK phosphorylation status).

Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Targets Related Products

● Target Proteins

C5AR1
CSB-MP003996HU

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized human C5AR1 at 10 μg/ml can bind Anti-C5AR1 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA003996A0HU), the EC₅₀ is 1.239-3.760 ng/mL.

CD22
CSB-MP004900HU

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized CD22 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti-CD22 rabbit monoclonal antibody, the EC₅₀ of human CD22 protein is 4.034-4.800 ng/ml.

CD69
CSB-MP004952HU

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human CD69 at 2μg/mL can bind Anti-CD69 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA004952MA1HU)， the EC₅₀ is 23.17-26.04 ng/mL.

CLEC4C
CSB-MP855470HUh7

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human CLEC4C at 2μg/mL can bind Anti-CLEC4C recombinant antibody(CSB-RA855470MA1HU)，the EC₅₀ is 7.658-12.99 ng/mL.

CSF1
CSB-MP006043HU1

The ED₅₀ as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of THP-1 cells is 2.880-4.115 ng/mL.

CSF2
CSB-MP006045HU

The ED₅₀ as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human TF-1 cells is 28.1-63.8 pg/mL.

ICOSLG
CSB-MP010958HU1

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized ICOSLG at 2 μg/ml can bind human ICOS (CSB-MP707478HU), the EC₅₀ of human ICOSLG protein is 29.04-43.59 ng/ml.

IFNA2
CSB-MP360706HU

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human IFNA2 at 2 μg/ml can bind Human IFNAR2(CSB-MP011047HU). The EC₅₀ is 154.2-191.9 ng/mL.

Target	Product Name	Source	Tag Info	Product Code
ADAMTS4	Recombinant Human A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4), partial	E.coli	N-terminal GST-tagged	CSB-EP001311HU1
BSG	Rcombinant Human Basigin (BSG), partial	E.coli	N-terminal 6xHis-tagged	CSB-RP117574h
BSG	Recombinant Human Basigin (BSG), partial (Active)	Mammalian cell	C-terminal hFc1-tagged	CSB-MP002831HU1
C5AR1	Recombinant Human C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C5AR1)	in vitro E.coli expression system	C-terminal 10xHis-tagged	CSB-CF003996HUd7
C5AR1	Recombinant Human C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 (C5AR1)-VLPs (Active)	Mammalian cell	C-terminal 10xHis-tagged (This tag can be tested only under denaturing conditions)	CSB-MP003996HU
C5AR1	Recombinant Human C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C5AR1), partial	E.coli	N-terminal 6xHis-KSI-tagged	CSB-EP003996HU1
C5AR1	Recombinant Human C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C5AR1), partial, Biotinylated	E.coli	N-terminal MBP-tagged and C-terminal 6xHis-Avi-tagged	CSB-EP003996HU1-B
C5ar1	Recombinant Mouse C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C5ar1), partial	E.coli	N-terminal 6xHis-KSI-tagged	CSB-EP003996MO1
C5ar1	Recombinant Mouse C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (C5ar1), partial, Biotinylated	E.coli	N-terminal MBP-tagged and C-terminal 6xHis-Avi-tagged	CSB-EP003996MO1-B
C5ar1	Recombinant Mouse C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 (C5ar1)-VLPs	Mammalian cell	C-terminal 10xHis-tagged	CSB-MP003996MO
C5AR1	Recombinant Macaca fascicularis C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1(C5AR1)-VLPs	Mammalian cell	C-terminal 10xHis-tagged	CSB-MP003996MOW
CCL2	Recombinant Human C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	E.coli	N-terminal GST-tagged	CSB-EP004783HU
CCL2	Recombinant Human C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	E.coli	N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged	CSB-EP004783HUb1
CCL2	Recombinant Mouse C-C motif chemokine 2 (Ccl2), partial	E.coli	N-terminal 6xHis-tagged	CSB-EP004783MO
CD19	Recombinant Human B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19), partial	in vitro E.coli expression system	N-terminal 6xHis-tagged	CSB-CF004888HU
CD19	Recombinant Human B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19), partial	in vitro E.coli expression system	C-terminal 6xHis-tagged	CSB-CF004888HUc7
CD19	Recombinant Human B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19), partial	Mammalian cell	N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged	CSB-MP004888HU
CD19	Recombinant Human B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19), partial (Active)	Mammalian cell	C-terminal Fc-tagged	CSB-AP005061HU
CD19	Recombinant Human B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 (CD19), partial, Biotinylated	Mammalian cell	C-terminal hFc1-Avi-tagged	CSB-MP004888HU-B
CD2	Recombinant Human T-cell surface antigen CD2 (CD2), partial	E.coli	N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged	CSB-EP004894HU

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● Antibodies

CD19 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA780821A0HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IHC, IP

CD4 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA004935A0HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IHC

FAS Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA252392A0HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IHC

ICAM1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA010949MA1HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IHC, FC

LILRA4 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA012936MA1HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IHC

ITGAL Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA787996A0HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, WB, IF

MMP9 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA014679A0HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, IHC, FC

IL1B Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
CSB-RA011614MA1HU

Tested Applications:
ELISA, IHC, FC

- Recombinant Antibody

Target	Product Name	Species Reactivity	Tested Applications	Code
AOC3	AOC3 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA624122MA1HU
C5AR1	C5AR1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA	CSB-RA003996A0HU
CCL2	CCL2 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA004783MA1HU
CD19	CD19 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA	CSB-RA004888A0HU
CD19	CD19 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC, IP	CSB-RA780821A0HU
CD19	CD19 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB	CSB-RA004888MA1HU
CD19	CD19 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IF	CSB-RA004888MA2HU
CD22	CD22 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA962691A0HU
CD4	CD4 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-RA004935A0HU
CD40	CD40 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-RA004936MA1HU
CD69	CD69 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA	CSB-RA004952MA1HU
CDH11	CDH11 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IF	CSB-RA005036MA1HU
CLEC4C	CLEC4C Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA	CSB-RA855470MA1HU
CSF3R	CSF3R Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA860321MA1HU
CXCL10	CXCL10 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA903061A0HU
FAS	FAS Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-RA252392A0HU
FCGRT	FCGRT Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-RA008545MA1HU
ICAM1	ICAM1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC, FC	CSB-RA162789A0HU
ICAM1	ICAM1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC, FC	CSB-RA010949MA1HU
IFNA2	IFNA2 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA	CSB-RA365593MA1MO

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- Monoclonal Antibody

Target	Product Name	Species Reactivity	Tested Applications	Code
CANX	CANX Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, FC	CSB-MA004485A0m
CANX	CANX Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IF, FC	CSB-MA004485A1m
CCL2	CCL2 Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-MA058641A0m
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, FC	CSB-MA004888A0m
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC, FC	CSB-MA004888A1m
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,APC Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA195220
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,Biotin Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA899608
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,FITC Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA047662
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,PE Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA036486
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,PE-Cy5 Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA281869
CD19	CD19 Monoclonal Antibody,Purified	Human	ELISA, FC	CSB-MA798261
CD2	CD2 Monoclonal Antibody	Human,Mouse,Rat	ELISA, IHC	CSB-MA000227
CD2	CD2 Monoclonal Antibody,FITC Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA785710
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody	Human,Mouse,Rat	ELISA, IHC	CSB-MA000228
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,APC Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA043428
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,Biotin Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA981329
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,FITC Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA124048
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,PE Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA260243
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,PE-Cy5 Conjugated	Human	ELISA, IF, FC	CSB-MA570802
CD4	CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,Purified	Human	ELISA, FC	CSB-MA783233

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- Polyclonal Antibody

Target	Product Name	Species Reactivity	Tested Applications	Code
AOC3	AOC3 Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC, IF	CSB-PA624122LA01HU
AOC3	AOC3 Antibody, HRP conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA624122LB01HU
AOC3	AOC3 Antibody, FITC conjugated	Human		CSB-PA624122LC01HU
AOC3	AOC3 Antibody, Biotin conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA624122LD01HU
AOC3	AOC3 Antibody	Human, Mouse, Rat	ELISA, WB	CSB-PA001855GA01HU
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-PA11759A0Rb
BSG	BSG Antibody, HRP conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA11759B0Rb
BSG	BSG Antibody, FITC conjugated	Human		CSB-PA11759C0Rb
BSG	BSG Antibody, Biotin conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA11759D0Rb
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB	CSB-PA005853
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human, Mouse, Rat	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-PA002331
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-PA002831GA01HU
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-PA993569
BSG	BSG Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC	CSB-PA570608
C5AR1	C5AR1 Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IF	CSB-PA003996LA01HU
C5AR1	C5AR1 Antibody, HRP conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA003996LB01HU
C5AR1	C5AR1 Antibody, FITC conjugated	Human		CSB-PA003996LC01HU
C5AR1	C5AR1 Antibody, Biotin conjugated	Human	ELISA	CSB-PA003996LD01HU
C5AR1	C5AR1 Antibody	Human	ELISA, WB, IHC, IF	CSB-PA001479
C5AR1	Phospho-C5AR1 (S338) Antibody	Human	ELISA, IHC	CSB-PA060025

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● ELISA Kits

Human Interleukin 8,IL-8 ELISA KIT
CSB-E04641h

Mouse Interferon γ,IFN-γ ELISA Kit
CSB-E04578m

Mouse Interleukin 17,IL-17 ELISA Kit
CSB-E04608m

Human Interleukin 1β,IL-1β ELISA Kit
CSB-E08053h

Target	Product Name	Sample Types	Detection Range	Code
ADAMTS4	Human ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif4,ADAMTS4 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	12.5 ng/ml - 800 ng/ml	CSB-E11848h
ADAMTS4	Mouse A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4(ADAMTS4) ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	3.12 ng/mL-200 ng/ mL	CSB-EL001311MO
AOC3	Mouse Membrane primary amine oxidase(AOC3) ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	1.25 ng/mL-80 ng/mL	CSB-EL001855MO
AOC3	Rat Membrane primary amine oxidase(AOC3) ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	7.8 ng/mL-500 ng/mL	CSB-EL001855RA
BSG	Human Cluster of differentiation 147,CD147 Elisa Kit	serum, plasma	12.5 pg/mL-800 pg/mL	CSB-E12994h
CCL2	Human monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP-1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ascitic fluid, cell culture supernates, tis	6.25 pg/ml-400 pg/ml.	CSB-E04655h
CCL2	Mouse monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP-1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	78 pg/mL-5000 pg/mL	CSB-E07430m
CCL2	Dog Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1/Monocyte Chemotactic And Activating Factor(MCP-1/MCAF) ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	0.125 ng/mL-8 ng/mL	CSB-E15747c
CCL2	Rat monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP-1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates	3.9 pg/mL-250 pg/mL	CSB-E07429r-IS
CCL2	Pig monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP1 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma	31.25 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL	CSB-E13178p
CCL2	Rabbit monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	23.5 pg/mL-1500 pg/mL	CSB-E06921Rb
CCL2	Rat monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP-1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	31.25 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL	CSB-E07429r
CCL2	Bovine monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,(MCP-1/CCL2/MCAF)ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	78 pg/mL-5000 pg/mL	CSB-E16221B
CCL2	Guinea pig monocyte chemotactic protein 1,MCP1 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	23.5 pg/mL-1500 pg/mL	CSB-E13559Gp
CCL2	Monkey monocyte chemotactic protein 1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor,MCP1/MCAF ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	62.5 pg/mL-4000 pg/mL	CSB-E10045Mo
CD28	Human soluble cluster of differentiation 28,sCD28 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	0.625 ng/mL-40 ng/mL	CSB-E09296h
CD4	Rat cluster of differentiation 4,CD4 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	0.78 U/mL-50 U/mL	CSB-E12928r
CD4	Chicken Cluster of Differentiation 4(CD4) ELISA Kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	3.125 ng/mL-800 ng/mL	CSB-E13114C
CD4	Human cluster of differentiation 4,CD4 ELISA Kit	serum, plasma	0.625 ng/mL-40 ng/mL	CSB-E08956h
CD40	Mouse Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5(CD40) ELISA kit	serum, plasma, tissue homogenates	31.2 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml	CSB-EL004936MO

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