Human adenosine deaminase,ADA ELISA Kit

Code CSB-E09613h
Size 96T,5×96T,10×96T
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Product Details

Target Name
adenosine deaminase
Alternative Names
ada ELISA Kit; ADA_HUMAN ELISA Kit; ADA1 ELISA Kit; Adenosine aminohydrolase ELISA Kit; Adenosine deaminase ELISA Kit
Abbreviation
ADA
Uniprot No.
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Sample Types
serum, urine, tissue homogenates
Detection Range
1.56 mIU/mL-100 mIU/mL
Sensitivity
0.39 mIU/mL
Assay Time
1-5h
Sample Volume
50-100ul
Detection Wavelength
450 nm
Research Area
Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling
Assay Principle
quantitative
Measurement
Sandwich
Precision
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.  
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.    
             
Linearity
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human ADA in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
  Sample Serum(n=4)  
1:1 Average % 98  
Range % 94-102  
1:2 Average % 90  
Range % 85-94  
1:4 Average % 95  
Range % 90-99  
1:8 Average % 89  
Range % 84-93  
Recovery
The recovery of human ADA spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type Average % Recovery Range  
Serum (n=5) 84 80-88  
             
             
Typical Data
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
mIU/ml OD1 OD2 Average Corrected  
100 2.694 2.752 2.723 2.602  
50 2.082 2.192 2.137 2.016  
25 1.418 1.346 1.382 1.261  
12.5 0.891 0.917 0.904 0.783  
6.25 0.540 0.532 0.536 0.415  
3.12 0.350 0.371 0.361 0.240  
1.56 0.276 0.299 0.288 0.167  
0 0.124 0.117 0.121    
Troubleshooting
and FAQs
Storage
Store at 2-8°C. Please refer to protocol.
Lead Time
3-5 working days after you place the order, and it takes another 3-5 days for delivery via DHL or FedEx
Description

The product CSB-E09613h is a sandwich ELISA kit developed to measure concentrations of human adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum, urine, or tissue homogenates. This assay uses the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique in combination with the enzyme-substrate chromogenic reaction to quantify the analyte in the sample. The color develops positively to the amount of ADA in samples. The color intensity is measured at 450 nm via a microplate reader.

ADA is a central enzyme that mediates the conversion of adenosine into inosine, and deoxyadenosine into deoxyinosine in the purine catabolic pathway, which is important for many biological processes, including energy transfer, extra and intracellular signaling, and DNA formation. As a metabolic enzyme, ADA is ubiquitously expressed in various cells or tissues, including the lymphatic system. ADA is necessary for the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, and the maturation and function of monocytes and macrophages. ADA deficiency leads to cellular and humoral immunodeficiency, which manifests as severe combined immunodeficiency disease.

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Target Background

Function
(From Uniprot)
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2-deoxyadenosine. Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation, by binding DPP4. Its interaction with DPP4 regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. Enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity by affecting dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokines and chemokines secretion. Enhances CD4+ T-cell differentiation and proliferation. Acts as a positive modulator of adenosine receptors ADORA1 and ADORA2A, by enhancing their ligand affinity via conformational change. Stimulates plasminogen activation. Plays a role in male fertility. Plays a protective role in early postimplantation embryonic development.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Studied levels of mucin 16 (CA125), adenosine deaminase and midkine as tumor markers in nonsmall cell lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion. PMID: 29797475
  2. The authors found significant neurological and cognitive alterations in untreated Adenosine Deaminase deficiency-severe combined immunodeficiency patients. These included motor dysfunction, EEG alterations, sensorineural hypoacusia, white matter and ventricular alterations in MRI as well as a low mental development index or IQ. PMID: 28074903
  3. Results provide evidence that ADA SNPs rs12190871 and rs121908723 are risk factors for contracting tuberculous pericarditis. PMID: 30017738
  4. this study shows that ADA is biomarker candidate for endometriosis PMID: 29194839
  5. this study characterizes the long-term outcome of ADA-deficient patients, who survived 5 or more years after therapy PMID: 28748310
  6. ADA levels were found to be higher among patients, and revealed a possible link between evening rise and severity of auditory hallucinations as well as morning rise and severity of avolition-apathy in patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 29061410
  7. In this study, we compared the activity of human adenosine deaminase (hADA) expressed in transgenic seeds of three different plant species: pea (Pisum sativum L.), Nicotiana benthamiana L. and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). All three species were transformed with the same expression vector containing the hADA gene driven by the seed-specific promoter LegA2 with an apoplast targeting pinII signal peptide. PMID: 26994767
  8. Simvastatin reversed IL-13-suppressed adenosine deaminase activity, leading to the down-regulation of adenosine signaling and inhibition osteopontin expression through the direct inhibition of IL-13-activated STAT6 pathway in COPD. PMID: 27557561
  9. Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition and Deoxyadenosine in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines PMID: 26659614
  10. Adenosine deaminases ADA1 and ADA2 (ADAs) decrease the level of adenosine by converting it to inosine, which serves as a negative feedback mechanism. These results suggest the existence of a new mechanism, where the activation and survival of immune cells is regulated through the activities of ADA2 or ADA1 anchored to the cell surface. PMID: 27663683
  11. Patients with tuberculous pleurisy who had high ADA values had a higher probability of manifesting pulmonary tuberculosis. High ADA values may help predict contagious pleuroparenchymal tuberculosis. The most common pulmonary involvement of tuberculous pleurisy showed a centrilobular nodular pattern. PMID: 27017482
  12. our analysis shows that, mononuclear cells secretes ADA in response to leishmanial infection and the elevated serum ADA activity is associated with VL and PKDL, and serum ADA activity can be used as prognostic marker to monitor the course of the treatment. PMID: 27186641
  13. association between the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome with altered ADA activity and genetic distribution of G22A and A4223C polymorphisms of the ADA1 gene PMID: 26980102
  14. High level of ADA is associated with obesity. PMID: 26794633
  15. diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a useful tool to differentiate HIV mono- and co-infection, was investigated. PMID: 25689690
  16. Platelet aggregation and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity were evaluated in pregnant women living with some disease conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. PMID: 27273565
  17. Increase in serum ADA levels was observed in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 27221867
  18. This study aimed to investigate the activities of purinergic system ecto-enzymes present on the platelet surface as well as CD39 and CD73 expressions on platelets of sickle cell anemia treated patients. PMID: 27044834
  19. Genetic variability within the ADA gene may influence adenosine concentration and in turn the immune response by lymphocytes in solid tumors. PMID: 26918693
  20. We conclude that pleural ADA activity could be integrated in the diagnostic procedures of pTB in low to medium tuberculosis prevalence settings. PMID: 26707067
  21. variable mutations are identified as a cause of immunodeficiency in a single Italian center PMID: 26376800
  22. ADA and ADK are involved in glioma progression; increased ADA and ADK levels in peritumoral tissues may be associated with epilepsy in glioma patients. PMID: 26329539
  23. In autologous cocultures of T cells with HIV-1-pulsed dendritic cells, adenosine deaminase decreased HIV-1-induced CD4(+)CD25(hi) FOXP3(+) cells and enhanced the HIV-1-specific CD4(+) responder T cells. PMID: 26310829
  24. Pleural ADA activity is an accurate test for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions. PMID: 26261621
  25. Serum ADA levels were increased in secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis suggesting a partial role of activated T-cell response in the disease pathophysiology. PMID: 25764155
  26. increase in the salivary ADA and DPP-IV activities as well as in the lipid peroxidation could be related of the regulation to various aspects of adipose tissue function and inflammatory obesity PMID: 25527815
  27. Multiplex PCR and thoracoscopy are useful investigations in the diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions complicating CKD while the sensitivity and/or specificity of ADA and 65 kDa gene PCR is poor PMID: 25963491
  28. the diagnostic utility of pfADA in a low mTB incidence area PMID: 25647479
  29. activity of ADA isoenzymes and distribution of ADA1 G22 A genotypes were different among fertile and infertile men and more likely the GA genotype, which had lower ADA1 activity and was higher in fertile men is a protective factor against infertility. PMID: 26166670
  30. ADA rs73598374-A carriers showed lower telomerase activity and shorter leukocyte telomere length. PMID: 24896148
  31. Data provide evidence for a more distinct circadian modulation of nap sleep in G/A- compared to G/G-allele ADA carriers. They further indicate that REM sleep, being under strong circadian control, boosts working memory performance according to genotype in a time-of-day dependent manner. PMID: 25437848
  32. Genetic association replicative and exploratory studies identify SNPs in ADA and MTR highly associated with isolated Neural tube defects (NTD)and SNP in ARID1A and ALDH1A2 associated with NTDs in whites and African Americans respectively. PMID: 25293959
  33. We conclude that ADA is an effective test for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis; ADA values varied with age in our study population PMID: 25299872
  34. No relationship between ADA rs452159 polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic heart failure was found in Chinese population. PMID: 25170811
  35. The frequency of the ADA2 *2 allele in Sardinia (Italy) is higher in Oristano than in Nuoro resulting in a higher frequency of the ADA1 *1/ADA2 *2 haplotype in Oristano. This suggests a selective advantage of this haplotype in a malarial environment. PMID: 24965595
  36. A history of tuberculosis and hypertension were more common in the low-adenosine deaminase group than the high-adenosine deaminase group. PMID: 24762755
  37. Serum ADA activity in patients with chronic tonsillitis was significantly higher than in healthy controls. PMID: 24305782
  38. Data indicate that the well-being was worse in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) G/A genotype under sleep loss and n-back working memory performance appeared to be specifically susceptible to sleep-wake manipulation in this genotype. PMID: 24682206
  39. This study suggests that serum ADA could be used as a biochemical marker in cutaneous anthrax. PMID: 24997584
  40. ADA polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 25125338
  41. A strong correlation between ADA and fasting plasma glucose which suggests an association between ADA and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. PMID: 24453844
  42. ADA acts as a natural antagonist for DPP4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. PMID: 24257613
  43. Association between ADA, genetic polymorphism (ADA1, ADA2 and ADA6) and coronary artery disease was studied.Differend pattern observed between males and females. PMID: 24640520
  44. The determination of CSF and serum ADA activity is a simple and reliable test for differentiating tuberculous meningitis from other types of meningitis PMID: 23768730
  45. Mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase decreases rapidly after angioplasty, indicating that it is an early marker for reperfusion. PMID: 22062893
  46. ADA activity in serum and platelets is decreased in prostate cancer patients. PMID: 23433854
  47. Serum ADA could play an important role in adult-onset Still's disease and may be an important biomarker for its diagnosis. PMID: 23096558
  48. Affordable parameters such as serum ADA and IgG correlated significantly with immune activation levels and markers of disease progression in untreated HIV-infection. PMID: 23160984
  49. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADA would promote enhanced and correctly polarized T-cell responses in strategies targeting asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. PMID: 23240012
  50. ADA open form, but not the closed one, that is responsible for the functional interaction with AR and AAR. PMID: 23193172

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Involvement in disease
Severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-negative/NK-cell-negative due to adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADASCID)
Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. Cell junction. Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen. Cytoplasm. Lysosome.
Protein Families
Metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily, Adenosine and AMP deaminases family
Tissue Specificity
Found in all tissues, occurs in large amounts in T-lymphocytes. Expressed at the time of weaning in gastrointestinal tissues.
Database Links

HGNC: 186

OMIM: 102700

KEGG: hsa:100

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000361965

UniGene: Hs.654536

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