Recombinant Influenza A virus Non-structural protein 1 (NS)

1. A recombinant pandemic H1N1 virus containing PA, PA-X, and NS1 genes from currently circulating viruses is fitter in replication in cultured cells and in mice and is slightly more pathogenic than the original ancestor pandemic H1N1 virus. PMID: 30021892
2. Results confirm that Influenza A virus (IAV) mutant lacking NS1 differs from wild-type in that it induces the production of readily detectable levels of Dicer-dependent viral siRNAs in infected human cells. However, data also demonstrate that these siRNAs have little if any inhibitory effect on IAV gene expression. This is likely due, at least in part, to their inefficient loading into RNA-induced silencing complexes. PMID: 29903832
3. Study found that the viral NS1 protein directly interacted with cellular Rac1 and facilitated viral replication. Further research revealed that NS1 down-regulated Rac1 activity via post-translational modifications. PMID: 27869202
4. NS1-mediated JNK activation and apoptosis induction are functionally independent from each other in vivo. PMID: 28076660
5. Mutations at position 171 in the NS1 protein result in decreased expression of IFN and ISGs by A549 cells. PMID: 28757142
6. Optimal control of host protein synthesis by Influenza A viruses (IAVs) PA-X and/or NS1 proteins is required for efficient IAV replication in the host. PMID: 28637750
7. The G45R mutation in the NS1 of H1N1 virus is critical for the enhanced viral replication in A549 cells. PMID: 27405392
8. NS1 facilitates late viral gene expression by acting as an adaptor between viral mRNAs and the cellular nuclear export machinery to promote their nuclear export. PMID: 28515301
9. data establish a model in which the Influenza A virus NS1 N-terminal domain engages in a binding interaction to inhibit activation of PKR and ensure efficient viral propagation and virulence PMID: 28250123
10. Influenza a virus NS1 has a role in inducing A20 contributes to viral replication by suppressing interferon-induced antiviral response PMID: 27914808
11. NF90 exerts its antiviral activity by antagonizing the inhibitory role of NS1 on PKR phosphorylation PMID: 27423063
12. this study shows that influenza virus upregulated CTHRC1 expression through its NS1 protein PMID: 27718266
13. Multifunctional NS1 protein is differentially phosphorylated throughout the replication cycle and that phospho-modification at threonine 49 acts as a molecular switch that alters NS1 activity. PMID: 26687707
14. The C terminus of NS1 protein of influenza H1N1 virus modulates antiviral responses in infected human macrophages. PMID: 25934792
15. These data show that RNase L targets specific sites in both host and viral RNAs to restrict influenza virus replication when NS1 protein is disabled. PMID: 25540362
16. Mutations in NS1 gene is associated with virulence. PMID: 24699508
17. Data show that 4 drug-like compounds from traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) database were selected as potential inhibitors for the cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor CPSF30-binding site of influenza A virus of non-structural protein 1 (NS1A). PMID: 24562912
18. A mutant virus with deletion of NS1 induced high levels of IFN-I in control cells. PMID: 24899174
19. In experimentally infected chickens, the NS1del8084 virus showed both an increased replication potential and an increased pathogenicity. This in vivo phenotype was correlated with a higher replicative efficiency in vitro. PMID: 24694396
20. These results suggest that the PBM in the NS1 protein may determine viral persistence in the human and avian IAV interface. PMID: 24802398
21. hnRNP A2/B1 plays an inhibitory role in the replication of influenza A virus through suppressing NS1 RNA/protein levels and NS1 mRNA nucleocytoplasmic translocation. PMID: 24418537
22. Data indicate that strains of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus could be divided into two categories based on the V123I mutation in the NS1 gene G1 and G2. PMID: 23418535
23. This observation indicates the existence of an optimal level of NS1 SUMOylation that allows NS1 to achieve maximal activity. PMID: 23468495
24. The NS1 protein of influenza A virus interacts with cellular processing bodies and stress granules through RNA-associated protein 55 (RAP55) during virus infection. PMID: 22973032
25. NS1-W187R protein exhibited lower double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding activity, showed a temporal redistribution during infection, and was minimally compromised for interferon antagonism. PMID: 22993153
26. Mutations in the M-gene segment can substantially increase replication efficiency of NS1 deletion influenza A virus in MDCK cells PMID: 22951840
27. Data show that infection of melanoma cells with delNS1-IL-15 resulted in the production of high levels of biologically active IL-15. PMID: 22563505
28. There are commonalities but also functional differences in the roles of NS1 and E3 as inhibitors of the innate antiviral response. PMID: 22174864
29. RNA helicase A as a cellular factor that interacts with influenza A virus NS1 protein and its role in the virus life cycle. PMID: 22171255
30. The C-terminal 11-aa truncation in NS1 did not significantly alter virus replication, but increased virus pathogenicity in mice. PMID: 22022552
31. Viral NS1-mediated delay of type I interferon induction contributes to influenza A virulence. PMID: 21411677
32. Results allowed visualization of NS1 protein nuclear import in virus-infected cells in real time. PMID: 20463066
33. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that the non-structural influenza A viral protein NS1A is an authentic SUMO target. PMID: 19917317
34. RIG-I is required for induction of IFN-I in an influenza A virus (IAV)-infected human lung epithelial cell line. PMID: 17053203
35. Our results indicate that, in addition to sequestering dsRNA, the NS1 of influenza A virus binds to RIG-I and inhibits downstream activation of IRF-3, preventing the transcriptional induction of IFN-beta. PMID: 17079289
36. Mutant viruses carrying NS1 with mutations in SH3 binding motif 1 failed to interact with p85ss and induce the subsequent activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. PMID: 17881440
37. These data suggest a model by which NS1 activates PI3K catalytic activity by masking a normal regulatory element specific to the p85beta inter-SH2 domain. PMID: 18029356
38. These results suggest that NS1-2 recognizes the U6 snRNA in a similar manner to NS1 protein. PMID: 18039687
39. Viral nonstructural protein 1 inhibits activation of RIG-I by binding to TRIM25. PMID: 19454344
40. NS1 inhibits TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination, thereby suppressing RIG-I signal transduction. PMID: 19454348
41. influenza virus uses the NS1 protein to replicate for almost 2 days after infection before detection by the immune system. PMID: 19717515
42. Mutants of a highly virulent variant of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) carrying either a complete deletion or C-terminal truncations of NS1 were far more potent inducers of IFN in infected mice than NS1 mutants derived from standard A/PR/8/34. PMID: 19726611

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KEGG: vg:956533