Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Zinc finger protein CONSTANS (CO)

1. The clock-controlled mechanism by which photoperiodic information regulates CONSTANS function is the key mechanism in Arabidopsis. PMID: 27688622
2. A heavy-metal-associated (HMA) domain-containing protein, SODIUM POTASSIUM ROOT DEFECTIVE 1 (NaKR1), is activated by CONSTANS (CO) under long-day conditions and regulates long-distance movement of FT in Arabidopsis. Loss of function of NaKR1 compromises FT transport to shoot apices through sieve elements, causing late flowering under long-day conditions. PMID: 27255839
3. CO expression during night time temperatures and flowering PMID: 26856528
4. Data indicate that CONSTANS (CO) plays an active role in sustaining its diurnal accumulation dynamics during Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering. PMID: 27607358
5. Results indicate that the DELLA-CONSTANS (CO) cascade inhibits CO/FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-mediated flowering under LDs, which thus provide evidence to directly integrate gibberellin (GA) and photoperiod signaling to synergistically modulate flowering under long days (LDs). PMID: 27406167
6. PRR-mediated stabilization increases binding of CO to the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), leading to enhanced FT transcription and early flowering under these conditions. PMID: 28270524
7. CO protein phosphorylation contributes to the photoperiodic flowering response by enhancing the rate of CO turnover via activity of the COP1 ubiquitin ligase. PMID: 26358558
8. Interaction of CO with miP1a/b/TPL causes late flowering due to a failure in the induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression under inductive long day conditions. PMID: 27015278
9. these findings suggest that regulation of flowering by gibberellin (GA) signaling in leaves under long days is mediated through repression of DELLA proteins on CO, providing a molecular link between DELLA proteins, key components in GA signaling pathway, and CO, a critical flowering activator in photoperiod signaling pathway. PMID: 26801684
10. Red light-mediated degradation of CO protein by HOS1 ligase regulates photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. PMID: 26373454
11. BBX19 as a circadian clock output that depletes the active CO pool to accurately monitor daylength and precisely time FT expression. PMID: 25228341
12. Natural variation in the cis-regulatory sequence in CONSTANS underlies flowering time diversity in Arabidopsis. PMID: 24736505
13. report that TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1) and related proteins interact with the activation domain of CONSTANS (CO) and CO-like (COL) proteins and inhibit CO activity. PMID: 25934507
14. PFT1 is an activator of CO transcription, and also of FT transcription, in a CO-independent manner. PFT1 acts as a hub, integrating a variety of interdependent environmental stimuli, including light quality and jasmonic acid-dependent defences. PMID: 21985558
15. Photoperiodic flowering regulators CO and GI are involved in FT- and TSF-mediated stomatal opening induced by blue light. PMID: 23669744
16. study demonstrates that FKF1 protein stabilizes CONSTANS (CO)protein in the afternoon in long days; together with CO transcriptional regulation, FKF1 protein controls robust FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) mRNA induction through multiple feedforward mechanisms that accurately control flowering timing PMID: 22628657
17. Overexpression of all FBH genes drastically elevated CO levels and caused early flowering regardless of photoperiod, whereas CO levels were reduced in the fbh quadruple mutants. PMID: 22334645
18. CONSTANS was found to bind DNA via a unique sequence element containing a consensus TGTG(N2-3)ATG motif present in tandem within the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter. PMID: 20406410
19. CONSTANS is repressed by the E3 ligase DAY NEUTRAL FLOWERING, which prevents early flowering in short days. PMID: 20435904
20. CO-derived signal(s), or possibly CO itself, fits the definition of the hypothetical flowering stimulant, florigen. PMID: 15299137
21. findings show that FKF1 controls daily CONSTANS expression in part by degrading CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (CDF1), a repressor of CONSTANS transcription PMID: 16002617
22. Promotes flowering specifically under long days. PMID: 16006578
23. RFI2 represses the expression of CONSTANS. PMID: 16709197
24. These data suggest that CO might replace At HAP2 in the HAP complex to form a trimeric CO/At HAP3/At HAP5 complex. PMID: 17138697
25. COb was retained for a long period after duplication, but a recent fixation of a detrimental mutation, possibly as an effect of a bottleneck, resulted in its nonfunctionalization in brassica nigra. PMID: 17344804
26. determines flowering timing with circadian clock. PMID: 18453150
27. a positive regulator of floral induction, as an OBF4-interacting protein PMID: 18587275
28. regulation of CO by light quality likely plays a key role in the regulation of flowering time in natural environments PMID: 18667727
29. A quantitative balance between the activator CO and the repressor TEMPRANILLO genes determines Flowering locus T levels. PMID: 18718758
30. Data suggest that antagonism between GIGANTEA and DOF1/2 transcription factors contributes to photoperiodic flowering by modulating an underlying diurnal rhythm in CONSTANS transcript levels. PMID: 19619493

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KEGG: ath:AT5G15840

STRING: 3702.AT5G15840.1

UniGene: At.18